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Rudolf Hilferding
Rudolf Hilferding (10 August 1877 – 11 February 1941) was an Austrian-born Marxist economist, leading socialist theorist,〔International Institute of Social History, ''Rodolf Hilferding Papers''. http://www.iisg.nl/archives/en/files/h/10751012.php〕 politician and chief theoretician for the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) during the Weimar Republic,〔Smaldone, William, ''Rudolf Hilferding and the total state.'', 1994. http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-15867926.html〕 almost universally recognized as the SPD's foremost theoretician of his century, and a physician.〔David E. Barclay, Eric D. Weitz, Michael Kreile. ''Between Reform and Revolution: German Socialism and Communism from 1840 to 1990'' http://books.google.com/books?id=hpzno0qNY34C&pg=PA373&ots=AU0XRyZOSJ&dq=%22Rudolf+Hilferding%22&as_brr=3&sig=aaC8URVGjBrDniSPpgaW3hUKn6w〕
He was born in Vienna, where he received a doctorate having studied medicine. After becoming a leading journalist for the SPD,〔 he participated in the November Revolution in Germany and was Finance Minister of Germany in 1923 and from 1928 to 1929. In 1933 he fled into exile, living in Zurich and then Paris, where he died in custody of the Gestapo in 1941.〔〔German Resistance Memorial Center. http://www.gdw-berlin.de/bio/ausgabe_mit-e.php?id=244〕
Hilferding was a propounder for the "economic" reading of Karl Marx identifying with the "Austro-Marxian" group.〔The New School. http://cepa.newschool.edu/het/profiles/hilferd.htm〕 He was the first to put forward the theory of ''organized capitalism''.〔 He was the main defender to the challenge to Marx by Austrian School economist and fellow Vienna resident, Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk. Hilferding also participated in the "Crises Debate" – disputing Marx's theory of the instability and eventual breakdown of capitalism on the basis that the concentration of capital is actually stabilizing. He edited leading publications such as ''Vorwärts'', ''Die Freiheit'', and ''Die Gesellschaft''.〔 His most famous work was ''Das Finanzkapital'' (''Finance capital''), one of the most influential and original contributions to Marxist economics〔 with substantial influence on Marxist writers such as Vladimir Lenin,〔Thomas Lane, ''Biographical Dictionary of European Labor Leaders''. http://books.google.com/books?as_brr=3&id=VlR8YCE8lkQC&dq=%22Rudolf+Hilferding%22&pg=PA421&lpg=PA421&sig=kgenaV66EJig41NjD3H5CuzcXMU&q=hilferding〕
influencing his writings on imperialism.〔〔Ruth Fischer, ''Stalin And German Communism: A Study in the Origins of the State Party''. http://books.google.com/books?id=ForT6-NIv0UC&pg=PA142&dq=%22Rudolf+Hilferding%22&as_brr=3&sig=UeJOZbj5pVWhbMiOAy5KJLLfIIU〕
== Biography ==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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